Emergency Medicine Exam 1 Practice 2026 - Free Emergency Medicine Practice Questions and Study Guide

When alkali metals like sodium, potassium, calcium, or lithium contact the skin, the best first-aid step is copious irrigation with clean running water. These metals react with water to form strong bases and heat, so the priority is to dilute and wash away the metal and its reaction products as quickly as possible to limit tissue injury. Water is effective at flushing residues and cooling the area, helping prevent deeper burns.

Mineral oil might seem protective, but it doesn’t dilute or remove the reactive material and can delay decontamination. Alcohol can dry and irritate the skin and won’t reliably remove residues, and saltwater isn’t the standard approach for these exposures. After starting irrigation, remove contaminated clothing and continue washing until the chemical is thoroughly rinsed away.